Comparing and contrasting the information presented by Glaze and Essay

Comparing and contrasting the information presented by Glaze and Forster - Essay Example They move from one grove section in the village to another and camp at groves, which become recognised as initiation posts. The forest can also be considered a grove. The Senufo people have a secret society of men called the Poro with the members called Colobele and one member called a Colo. This society has different age grades which have differing responsibilities. According to Forster, the minor age group consists of men aged 20 years (Forster, 1993). A more senior Poro tests the younger age grade by asking them â€Å"passwords† using the secret language of the society. The age group above the junior Poro also teaches the junior Poro the work they should do. In the farmer’s category, the junior Poro carry out tasks in the field where they are not allowed to speak to other members in the village. When comparing the two, Glaze (1986) mainly focuses on the ceremonial activities. She explains activities such as the initiation ceremony. As per her explanation, the junior Poro use their masks to story tell. This activity by Poro happens to be the only similarity in the activities between Glaze’s and Forster’s explanation. The Poro practice different activities in their daily routine. Some of these practises have a spiritual inclination, whereas others have a practical inclination. The activities described by Glaze have the spiritual inclination (Glaze, 1986). These revolve around rituals such as initiation, funerals and use of masquerades. Those described by Forster seek practical solutions such as food, making equipment and ornaments. Forster also goes on to describe spiritual activities such as dancing in the masks (Forster, 1993). The spiritual activities have ceremonies such as initiation whereby procedures with a symbolic meaning occur. For the practical procedures, goals such as obtaining food, making equipment and ornaments happen to be the main objective. The Senufo people have various forms

Particular social system Essay Example for Free

Particular social system Essay Ethics is the discipline that deals with the good and the bad as well as with the moral duty and responsibility of an individual. It can also be defined as the study of the choices made by individuals as regards right and wrong (Marie, 2005). Ethics is mainly concerned with the philosophy that results in a particular behavior. Ethics are of different types, and they differ in terms of their application in different contexts. Ethics state the working of a particular social system. They point towards the utilization of morality. At birth, as indicated by Be The Dream (2009), everyone is practically a blank slate. The period of infancy is characterized by total emptiness. The only skill an infant is equipped with is crying in order to attract the attention of the other people. Infants are contented with just lying watching the world revolve around them until they need something. However, as life progresses, individuals develop values in accordance with what they have previously learned or gone through (Be The Dream, 2009). The main intent of developing ethics is to set up the capacity to come up with rational judgment and ethical decisions. The whole process of personal ethics development is continuous and goes on through out life (Marie, 2005). Personal ethics, morals and values go hand in hand. Values are beneficial aspects learned from childhood, either as a result of interaction with the environment or from parents. Morals are the inherent beliefs that develop from the values system of the way an individual should react in a particular situation (Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2010). Ethics, on the other hand, are characterized by an individual’s reaction to difficult situations. Ethics play a major role of testing the morals of an individual. Personal ethics are instilled by the culture, environment as well as the background in which an individual is brought up (Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2010). Family values in addition to traditional values are very important in the upbringing of a child. These values play a major role in assisting an individual develop personal ethics at a very tender age. Various personal ethics include: honesty, loyalty, punctuality, open-mindedness, self respect as well as respect for others and fairness (Marie, 2005). Hatcher (2007) states that the expression of one’s ethics is not always comprehended in the global context at large, immediate surrounding, or even among the closest family members. This is mainly as a result of the difference in the development of personal ethics. Personal ethics develop early in life through interaction with family, church, school, and other members of the general community. All these people play part in helping one mold his/her beliefs (Hatcher, 2007). Personal ethics are established through unconscious observations as well as experiences of childhood. Personal ethics narrate values that help an individual make sense of his/her life. They enable one to make moral decisions that are not inclined towards the good of an individual but to all people. An ethical person undergoes extensive internal battles, trying to figure out whether his or her actions will negatively impact on others. Personal ethics enable individuals to make decisions that are meant for the benefit of all. They act as an innate factor that enable individuals make rational and morally correct decisions (Hatcher, 2007).

Possibility of a Future Avian Flu Pandemic Essay -- Bird Flu Influenza

Possibility of a Future Avian Flu Pandemic Influenza is a dangerous virus and highly contagious that has potential to devastate populations should an outbreak occur. A common influenza virus that humans are familiar with is the human influenza. Researchers and scientists are concerned about an especially threatening strain of influenza virus called H5N1, commonly known as the avian flu. Although this flu is mainly susceptible to wild birds, there have been outbreaks that show that humans also become infected. Predictions that the H5N1 strain may lead to a global pandemic are fueling further research of the virus. Studies show that although this virus is currently under control, it is possible that it could mutate and become a worldwide catastrophe. Influenza is a virus that attacks the upper respiratory tract. Influenza, known most, as the Flu is usually painful and can perpetuate symptoms for up to 2 weeks. If everyone had the Flu all of mankind will vanish. Because influenza is a virus there are not any antibiotics that will cure an infection. The human body is designed to fight viral infections through the immune response. Although rarely fatal, the virus usually kills people with weak immune systems, which are often elderly people and young children. About 35,000 people die each year. (Paul Tambyah-pg 6) More public education is needed so that the general population can identify symptoms and seek timely treatment. Getting the flu shot can really save the hassle of being infected. If someone has come down with this virus, stressing out about everyday things can irritate the immune system. Influenza, which belong to a family of viruses called Orthomyxoviruses was first discovered in 1918 and was thought of as a fragile vir... ... ? If handling an infected patient be sure to sterilize all instruments used. The world can never be too cautious for certain illnesses such as this one. There are many strains of the influenza virus. These two viruses are similar and different in a way. Universally scientists and researchers are trying to keep this issue from becoming the worlds next pandemic. Although the virus mutates and changes each year we should not worry, but we should be concerned and follow safe steps as shown above. Keeping the world safe is what we all want and need which will be beneficial for the generations that are soon to come. Bibliography 1. Nemours Foundation- http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/bacterial_viral/flu.html -Title: Flu facts 2. Bird Flu by Paul Tambyah 3. World health organization- http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/ -Title: avian influenza

Challenges faced by the Allies in their Germany Advance

The establishment of empires and the countries that exist today was not an easy undertaking. There were always battles associated with this, and this led to bloodshed and destruction of cities. The world has always had incidences of wars, which most of the times are initiated by the strong countries, as they try to win the smaller ones. From the colonization battles to the wars like the First and Second World Wars, there have always been defeats and conquests. Even the strongest leaders have at times surrendered because of the extremes of the war. However, those who win are also affected, as their conquest is most of the times associated with several difficulties. The advancing of the allies into Germany in 1945 will be discussed with close reference to the scale and the nature of the problems that they faced. The crossing of the Rhine The Allies had targeted Germany after they conquered in the Battle of the Bulge. All the citizens were aware that once the Allies set foot in Germany, it would be the end of war. However, the Allies faced great challenges from some fanatical Nazis; Hitler included. Throughout the second and third months of 1945, there was a great battle by the allies in a bid to pass the Siegfried lane. They were faced with a great problem because the Germans had set up antitank fortifications, artillery and pillboxes which stretched from the western German border. This was quite a big hindrance to the allies as they sought for the best way to enter Germany. Additionally, this was an area which was always manned by old men and young boys, so that they could ensure that no enemy passed that point. Since time immemorial, the allies had not had the ability to pass through the Siegfried Line because of these hindrances. However they managed to conquer this small town in 1945 through the use of gasoline aids (World War II, 2010). When they set in, they advanced to Cologne, which was considered as the major German city. However, they were faced with a challenge because the US Army commander referred to as General Dwight D. Eisenhower gave orders to the allied forces to instead advance towards Ruhr. This is after he had realized that if Berlin was captured, then the industrial machine of Germany could be destroyed. There was a conflict between the leaders because the desire of Churchill was for the allies to overcome Berlin, but Eisenhower ordered the Allies to advance towards the Ruhr after crossing the Rhine (World War II, 2010). Crossing the Rhine for the Allies was quite an achievement because for the past one hundred and forty years before this time, there is no single group which had successfully crossed it. Hitler considered the Rhine as one of the important symbols of Germany. The only time the Rhine was crossed successfully was during the times of Napoleon, in 1805. This is because all the people who tried to do so would be shot down (World War II, 2010). However, the allies succeeded crossing the Rhine, amidst the challenges, because all the bridges had been blown up to restrict their advance. This also happened before they managed to capture Cologne city. This was indeed a great challenge. They had to cross the Rhine on special bridge units, which were often segregated. They also went ahead and constructed a bridge whose depth was twelve miles and thirty five miles width. Even though they managed, all these crossings were most of the times on fire, which was lit by the German forces. All this happened before March 23, 1945 (World War II, 2010). The Allies had set up an undertaking referred to as Operation Varsity which took place in 1945. It was considered as the last operation of the allies in Europe, and although the allies conquered, they were still faced with challenges. The Germans had prepared themselves as there were anti aircrafts units which were set strategically against the allies. All the bridges were blown up again, and Hitler was unable to restrict the allies who had settled in the west. The Red army had targeted Berlin, and it set forth to the West (World War II, 2010). Blitzkrieg Since time immemorial, Germany had always been known for using the trick known as ‘Blitzkrieg’. This was also referred to as the lightning war. This was an operation which involved the constant use of mass planes which would be ordered to break through the defenses of the enemy on a very close range. The enemy could not be allowed at any moment to invade Germany. Ordinarily, the German forces would successfully surround the opposing troops, where they would be forced to surrender (USHMM, 2010). This trick had proved effective since in the previous years, Germany had defeated Poland, Belgium, France and the Netherlands. However, they had never managed to defeat Great Britain. The allied forces also faced the same challenge, as the Germans tried to oppose their entrance to their territory. However, the allied forces managed to cross the Rhine, and consequently, the Nazi Germany surrendered (USHMM, 2010). When the war had advanced, it reached a point where the Germans felt defeated and they were therefore looking for ways in which they could surrender. This was indeed what the allies wanted. However, it was not an easy task, as there was a major challenge. There were so many deaths associated with the march. The last important German unit, which was referred to as Army Group B has all its men surrender, which totaled to two hundred thousand on April 24. The Germans were trying their best to ensure that the refugees were not a distraction so that they could surrender to the Allies from the west. Therefore, there was a delay in the Germans surrendering as most of the refugees refused to give way (World War II, 2007). German secret dealings The allied forces were constantly attacked by the refugees. There were guards who were assigned so as to force the people to move away from the fighting ground. However, most of the refugees resisted the orders and as a result, there were so many deaths which resulted. The guards continued to kill these people secretly (World War II, 2007). There was the collaboration of the allies and the Russians on the concentration camps. However, they faced another challenge as the Germans had tried to conceal their crime by hiding the bodies of the people who had been killed. They were presented with very horrific facts, as there were very many corpses which had been piled in a large heap. This revealed how the Germans had continued killing the people. In one of the camps, referred to as the Ohrdruf Concentration Camp, all the civilians of this place were ordered by Eisenhower to see what used to happen in secret. This proved a great challenge to the Allies because they had to first search for all the guards that were hiding in all their ranks (World War II, 2007) As a result, the Gestapo officers and the guards realized that their dirty dealings had been revealed by the Allies. Therefore, they tried all they could so as to escape. However, most of them, including some Nazis of the high ranks were captured as they were escaping. Some of these included Fritz Von Papen, Herman Goering, and Albert Speer. There had looted art treasures which were later discovered. Additionally, there were very many hidden caches of jewelry and gold which were found in all parts of Germany. These had been stripped off from different countries and had been sent to Germany (World War II, 2007) Persecution of collaborators All the German leaders who tried to make secret alliances with the allies were persecuted and this was another problem that the allies encountered. One of these leaders was Heinrich Himmler, who tried to make a separate armistice with the allies from the west. However, he was too unfortunate because as soon as Hitler realized this, he ordered his soldiers to execute him. Additionally, Goering also tried to do the same, and even tried to take over from Hitler, but did not succeed. Therefore, the allies were in constant wrangle with Hitler as he never allowed any of his men to collaborate with them. All the same, this did not prevent the allies from excelling (World War II, 2007) When the then U. S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt died Hitler had hopes, that this would affect the operations of the allies. However, this was not the case, as the allies continued with their resolve, unaffected by anything. As a result, Hitler became a very depressed man, and vowed to fight the allies the best he could. He started by ensuring that the sewers were flooded, in a bid to stop both the Russian and the Western allies to continue their advance in Germany. The allies were constantly threatened by his actions. However, his efforts proved fruitless because most of the people who were wounded and killed were the refugees. He set battles by moving trapped or nonexistent armies. All the commanders that defied his orders were executed. Even though he tried all this, the Allies still won the battle, and the Nazis surrendered (World War II, 2007). Conclusion Though the allies were faced with great challenges as they tried to invade Germany, they successfully won. However, they were constantly faced with the German attacks through the tricks that it had used over the years so as to defend itself from its enemies. Some of the leaders of the German armies collaborated with the allies so that they could defeat Hitler and his forces. Eventually, the might of the Allies only left Hitler a depress man, who even chose his successor before he committed suicide. References USHMM. (2010).World War II in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007681 World War II. (2007).The German surrender April 25-May8, 1945. Retrieved from http://worldwar2database.com/html/germanysurrender.htm World War II. (2010). Crossing the Rhine. Retrieved from   http://worldwar2database.com/html/rhine.htm

Areas of learning and development Essay

1.1 Explain each of the areas of learning and development and how these are interdependent. The different areas of development are social, emotional, communication, physical, intellectual and creative. The interdependence of these areas of development will cover a number of the areas if the activities are planned effectively. Social and emotional development Children must have support and help which will help them to develop good self confidence and self esteem. Also it is important children have the support to understand they should respect others, have good social skills and have a positive attitude towards learning. Practitioners should support their children’s emotion to help them know what they can do and how much they are capable of. Communication development Children should be supported when communicating, speaking, listening, reading and writing. Adults should try and push them to try harder and do the best they can. Children must be encouraged and praised for using their skills in different situations and they should be supported in continuing to develop their confidence. We take time to listen to children if they find it difficult to communicate and where necessary we request speech and language just to help the child as much as possible. Physical Development The physical development of young children is very important and therefore should be encouraged by giving them opportunities to be active and to improve their coordination skills, control skills, balance skills and movement. They should be encouraged to play games at play times rather than sitting down for long periods of time. I run a number of after school clubs in our setting to promote children taking part in sport. Also I am a play leader at dinner times and I set up games for children to play to promote their physical development and also to prevent boredom. Children must be  educated about the importance of physical activity and should be aware of healthy eating. Creative Development Children’s creativity should be promoted. This is because it gives children a chance to express themselves and explore with different materials. A lot of children love to get creative as they like to feel new things and create pictures and scenarios. They should be provided with opportunities to explores and express their thoughts and feelings in different ways for example through music, art, dance, movement, role play and design and technology. Intellectual development Intellectual development is important. I work in year 1 so the expectations are high. Children need to be praised often for working hard or answering questions correctly. Children need to be praised to build their confidence and self esteem. Their learning should be supported by using a range of activities such as learning through play, work, games, trips and role play. Children love to be active and visual so in our setting we try to learn through visuals a lot. For example, when we were learning about plants, each child grew their own sunflower and each science lesson, they had to measure it, check if it needed any more water and then record how the plant is growing. 1.2 Describe the documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early years framework. In England, the Early Years Foundation Stage (2008) is there to ensure children fulfil the 5 positive outcomes of Every Child Matters (2003). ECM itself provides a framework for children 0-19 years. The five outcome of ECM are being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving economic wellbeing. The documented outcomes of EYFS (2008 and 2012) are the learning targets for children to attain by the time they finish the EYFS. Being healthy This deals with the extent to which helps to develop the health and lifestyle in children. Evidence includes that providers promote physical, mental, emotional and sexual health. Also they should promote participation in sport  and regular exercise and healthy eating and drinking water. Children should be encouraged to recognise and deal with stress and have a good self esteem. Adults should encourage the avoidance of drugs, smoking and alcohol abuse. Staying Safe This outcome is to ensure children are safe from harm or danger. Evidence will include working with the child protection legislation, undertaking regular CRB checks, protecting children from bullying and harassment. Children should be led away from crime or anti social behaviour. They need to be educated about sexual exploitation and exposure to violence and danger. Also all staff should be appropriately trained. Enjoying and achieving This outcome includes children enjoying education and to make progress in regards to their learning and personal development. The evidence for this would be to monitor the child’s progress and to support the learners who have low attendance and poor behaviour. Also extra support should be available for those with extra needs or child that are under achieving. Making a positive contribution This includes the development of self confidence and behaviour in children, alongside their understanding of rights and responsibilities. Children should want to focus and learn and also sometimes make positive contribution to the community life. There should always be a focus on enhancing children to develop appropriate behaviour and avoid getting involved in anti-social behaviour. Achieving economic well-being This includes the effectiveness that the provider gets children reading to learn the skills needed for employment and independent living. This is usually with older children in secondary schools. Evidence includes developing self confidence and team work, the provision of good advice and training and accessible courses and opportunity for work experience and work based learning. 1.3 Explain how the documented outcomes are assessed and recorded. In our  setting we do lots of child observations. There are lots of different types of observation methods that can be done to let us collect evidence we need to plan for individuals. All of the methods of observations have advantages and disadvantages of recording the child’s development so it is very important to vary the methods of observation for each child to gain true knowledge and understanding of the child’s development. We record all information on Child Observation sheets designed by our setting itself.

Extraction of metals and Alloys Essays

Extraction of metals and Alloys Essays Extraction of metals and Alloys Paper Extraction of metals and Alloys Paper An alloy is a mixture of metals, which may have different and improved qualities from metal elements, which make it. The percentage of elements in an alloy can be tailored to the application or purpose it is being made for. Usually an alloy is made of one metal (the base metal) with small amounts of other metals added. The other metals replace the position of the base metal in its structure. Extraction of Metals An element or a compound in nature inside the earths crust is called a mineral. They have a percentage of metal which can be extracted. This is called a metal ore. The most common metal ores are oxides and sulphides. Sulphides are the oldest ores. Oxides are formed when photosynthesis in plants release oxygen into the air. Metal ores are an infinite resource and once they are used, they are gone. Recycling helps this. Generally half of all metal is recycled through scrap metal facilities. The Reactivity Series (See appendix diagram 1) A metal that is under carbon in the Reactivity Series (zinc to silver) can be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon. Carbon is used as it is easily available and its cheap (coke and charcoal are both carbon). The metal is then reduced by the carbon. Hydrogen may be used to reduce other metals which are lower than it on the Reactivity Series. It is more expensive than carbon. It is only used for the extraction of tungsten. Gold and platinum are found naturally as elements and do not need to be reduced. Silver and copper are also naturally found. Extraction of Metals and Alloying Metal ores are found in the earth. They are rocks containing mineral or metal compounds or metals themselves and need to be extracted or removed from the rocks and the ground. To extract a metal from its ores you need to know its reactivity. The process involves a chemical reaction where the metal is separated from the other elements in the mineral. History of Metal Extraction Metals have been used by people for thousands of years. Gold and silver found in nature, were used for jewellery to show how wealthy people were. These two metals are too soft to be used as tools. The first useful metal discovered was bronze (the Bronze Age). Bronze was used a lot for tools and weapons in Asia and Africa from 4500 B.C. and in Britain from 2000 B.C. Bronze is not an element but an alloy of copper and tin. Ores of copper and tin can be reduced by heating with carbon. This would have happened as people lit wood fires in a place where tin and copper ore were. The burnt wood would have made the ores (copper and tin) into bronze. After the Bronze Age, coal fires were used to produce enough temperature for the extraction of iron (hence the Iron Age) The Iron Age began in Asia and Africa in 1100 B.C and in Britain in 500 B.C. Metals above carbon in the reactivity series can only be extracted by electrolysis. With the discovery of electricity in the nineteenth century, this allowed the extraction of more reactive metals. Aluminium has been extracted since around 1870. (3000 years since they found iron and 6000 years since they found bronze). Extraction of Aluminium Aluminium is the third most abundant (plentiful) element in the Earths crust. It is more abundant and the more expensive to produce compared with iron. This is because it takes a lot of electricity for the extraction process of electrolysis to happen. Around half of aluminium used is recycled. It takes less energy to recycle aluminuim than to extract it from its ore. Handling costs of aluminuim in the recycling process adds to this. Aluminium is high in the Reactivity Series and is resistant to corrosion as a thin layer of aluminium oxide on its surface protects it from corroding. Aluminuim has the ore called bauxite. Bauxite has aluminium oxide, water, iron and other things. The purified ore is called alumina (aluminium oxide). Alumina needs to be liquid or molten before the extraction method of electrolysis can happen. Alumina has a high melting point, so electrolysis cannot be done at this temperature. Alumina can dissolve in cryolite, which makes it have a lower melting point so electrolysis can be done at about 950oC. The main alloy of aluminium is Duralumin. Aluminuim is also used in titanium alloys. Duralumin is an alloy of aluminuim (94%), copper (4%) and magnesium (1%). There may also be small quantities of manganese and silicon in the alloy. Duralumin is a low density alloy that has a greater strength to weight ratio than aluminium. Duralumin is used for aircraft construction. Properties and Uses of Aluminuim Aluminium is strong and has a low density. It is also resistant to corrosion and can be easily bent into any shape. Aluminium is a good conductor of heat and electricity. It can be polished to achieve a highly reflective surface. Aluminuim can be used for making aircraft, lightweight vehicles, and ladders because it has a low density and it is strong. An alloy of aluminium, called Duralumin is used instead of pure aluminium because of its improved properties. Aluminium, as it is easy to shape and corrosion resistance, is a good material for making drink cans and roofing. Its also used for greenhouses and window frames because of its low density and resistance to rust. Aluminium is a good conductor of heat, so it can be used for boilers, cookers and cookware. As it is a good conductor of electricity, it is used for power cables and wire. Aluminium is highly reflective so its used in mirrors, reflectors and heat resistant clothes for fire fighters to use. Extracting Aluminium (See appendix diagram 2) A steel container is coated with carbon this is the negative electrode Electrolysis now begins. As aluminium is denser than the alumina and cryolite, it falls to the bottom where it is tapped off as pure liquid metal. Oxygen is removed from the positive carbon electrodes. Oxygen reacts with the carbon to form make carbon dioxide. Extraction of Iron Iron is extracted from its ore in a Blast Furnace. The ore is called Haematite. This is iron oxide. The iron ore has impurities in it, usually silica. Limestone is added to the iron ore which reacts with the silica which forms molten calcium silicate in the blast furnace. The calcium silicate floats on the liquid iron. Iron is low in the Reactivity Series, so iron ore is reduced into iron metal by heating with coke. How the Blast Furnace Works (See appendix Diagram 3) Hot air is blasted into the Blast Furnace which creates the carbon or coke to ignite. The temperature is about 2000oC. Carbon dioxide reacts with the carbon and makes carbon monoxide. This reduces iron in the ore into iron metal. Iron then drops to the bottom as liquid iron and is tapped off as needed. Properties and Uses of Iron Iron is a magnetic metal. Iron from a Blast Furnace contains around 5% carbon which comes from the coke in the furnace. It is put into molds called pigs, and the iron is then called cast iron or pig iron. It is very brittle and cracks easily, but it has a good resistance to corrosion compared to pure iron or steel. Cast iron is used for manhole covers and for engine blocks for petrol and diesel engines. Carbon is removed from molten cast iron by bubbling air through it. The air reacts with the carbon before it reacts with the iron because its more reactive (the carbon). Pure iron with the carbon removed is called wrought iron. This metal is easily shaped and is used for ornamental metal work like gates. The iron in the Blast Furnace is made into steel for use in construction. Alloys containing Iron The iron alloys are steel, manganese steel and stainless steel. Steel is a fixture of iron and carbon. The percentage of carbon may vary from 0.1% to 1.5% giving steels different properties. Steel is inexpensive and strong and easily shaped. It can be used on the construction of bridges, buildings, ships and vehicles. More than half of the steel is recycled. Steel will need a protective coat, like paint or it will rust. Rusting reverses the process that happens in a Blast Furnace. Manganese steel is an alloy of iron. Its iron (84%) and manganese (15%) and carbon (1%). It is very hard and is used for railway points and dredging equipment. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron. It is iron (80%) and chromium (15%), nickel (4%) and carbon (1%). Stainless steel is very strong, hard and resists corrosion. It is used in cookware, cutlery and industrial chemical plants. Corrosion of Iron and Steel When iron is exposed to air it will return to its oxide. This is called rusting or corroding. This process needs both oxygen and water, salt or acid will make corroding faster. You can prevent rust by coating the surface so the air doesnt come into contact with it. It can also be protected by a more reactive metal (See the Reactivity Series in the appendix diagram 1). Iron and steel are mostly protected by paint, plastic coating or metal plating. Zinc plating is called galvanizing. Chromium plating is used for wheels and bumpers of cars to give a polished surface. Sacrificial protection is used for ships, under water pipelines and oil rigs. Extraction of Copper Copper is sometimes found as a native metal. Copper ore can be reduced by causing it to react with carbon. The most common way is by heating copper sulphide ore which breaks down. The impure copper that results is called blister copper. Around half of all copper is recycled each year. Pure copper is needed for good electrical conductivity. Pure copper is made from the extraction method of electrolysis. Extraction of Copper Purification (see appendix diagram 4) The impure copper, when electricity is put through the cell, copper dissolves at the anode into solution. Copper forms at the cathode by reduction. Copper ions move from the anode to the cathode. The anode gets smaller and the cathode gets bigger. This is called the redox reaction. The impurities dissolve and fall to the bottom as sludge, which can have silver and platinum in it which can be taken out. Properties and Uses of Copper Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. It is soft and easy to shape. Copper is also corrosion resistant. It can be used for electrical wiring (so can aluminium) Copper is also used in cookware, but is not very common. It is used in gas pipes as it is easily bent for the application for it is ideal to use. Copper is used for water pipes for the same reason as why it is used for gas pipes. Copper is below hydrogen in the Reactivity Series (See the Reactivity Series in the appendix diagram 1), so it does not react with water. Lead was always used in plumbing in the past, but is being replaced with copper because of the lead going into the water which is toxic. Copper is mixed with other metals to form alloys, mainly zinc for brass and tin for bronze. Alloys containing copper include brass, bronze, cupro-nickel and duralumin. Brass is an alloy of copper (70%) and zinc is (30%). Brass is harder and less expensive than copper and can be used for musical instruments, screws and other fixtures or ornamental objects that need to be corrosion resistant. Bronze is an alloy of copper (90%) and tin (10%). Bronze is harder and stronger and rust resistant. Bronze is used for casting objects and bearings (e.g. wheel bearings). Cupro-nickel is an alloy of copper (70%) and nickel (30%). It is easily shaped and it is rust resistant and is used to make silver coins e.g. 5c, 10c, 20c, and the 50c pieces. Silver coins have not contained real silver since 1947. Alloys containing Lead The main alloy of lead is solder. Solder is an alloy of lead (70%) and tin (30%). Half of the lead and tin used each year is recycled. Solder has a low melting point and is stronger than lead or tin. Solder is used for connections in electrical wiring and plumbing. Properties and Uses of Lead People have used lead as long ago as 5000B.C. Lead is a shiny metal that is corrosion resistant and very dense and soft. It is toxic if absorbed by the body. Lead is rarely found in nature and it is a heavy metal. It has a low melting point and is flexible. It conducts electricity. Lead is able to be shaped into many things from water pipes to coins and stained glass windows. It also is used in car batteries and TVs and computers. It is also used for making wheelchairs, lift trucks, baggage loaders, golf carts and submarines. Lead is also used to absorb radiation around x-rays and nuclear equipment. Its also used in computer screens to again absorb radiation. It also absorbs sound. Leads used as a shield around electrical cables. Alloys of Titanium Titanium is mixed with aluminium (5%) and vanadium (5%). Titanium is expensive and is only used where its properties are needed. Its properties are its low density, hardness and rust resistance. Titanium alloys are used in special parts of aircraft and ship construction and chemical plants and hip joint replacements. The mined minerals are sent to mills to be separated from one another using electrical and magnetic techniques. To obtain pure, white titanium dioxide, the minerals are reacted with chlorine then burned in oxygen. Producing pure titanium metal is only done overseas, where mineral sands are reacted with other chemicals and then heated Properties and Uses of Titanium Titanium is a newish metal which started to be commercially produced in the 1940s. It is lightweight, strong and rust resistant. Titanium is a silver white metal and is soft when alloyed with other metals. It has a high melting point. It is non toxic and has many uses. Titanium is used to make aircraft engines, spacecraft, missiles, cars, sports equipment, watches, and general industrial equipment. Being non-toxic, it can be used for pacemakers, artificial joints and bone pins. Alloys and Recent Developments In recent times, the development of alloys has flourished because of further research and development of metals and characterising metals and the implementation of new materials and processes. Using previous philosophy of how metals are extracted and alloyed and advancing on these techniques which include using the modern top-down method that eliminates design constraints in the earlier manufacturing process. The discovery of high strength steels for new applications is a recent development. This means that the steels are stronger, tougher and even have a higher rust resistance when alloyed. New alloys of stainless steel have also been developed and the metal can now be used for new applications previously unavailable, especially in aviation. High temperature metallic materials can now be used in casting alloys in the wrought processing of alloy sheet technology. Also new super-alloys are being produced that can take higher temperatures using new chemistry processes. Alloys have in recent times needed to be lighter and also retain their strength for use in modern applications. Another recent development is the production of alloys is called Al-Li, which has great corrosion prevention compounds. Researchers are now developing fatigue resistant alloys to reduce failures of components and less maintenance. Lastly, low cost methods have been found, including single hearth melt, laser deposition and casting for titanium alloying has been discovered.

Sand - Terminology, Composition, Shape, and More

Sand - Terminology, Composition, Shape, and More Sand is everywhere; in fact sand is the very symbol of ubiquity. Lets learn a little more about sand. Sand Terminology Technically, sand is merely a size category. Sand is particulate matter thats larger than silt and smaller than gravel. Different specialists set different limits for sand: Engineers call sand anything between 0.074 and 2 millimeter, or between a U.S. standard #200 sieve and a #10 sieve.Soil scientists classify grains between 0.05 and 2 mm as sand, or between sieves #270 and #10.Sedimentologists put sand between 0.062 mm (1/16 mm) and 2 mm on the Wentworth scale, or 4 to –1 units on the phi scale, or between seives #230 and #10. In some other nations a metric definition is used instead, between 0.1 and 1 mm. In the field, unless you carry a comparator with you to check against a printed grid, sand is anything big enough to feel between the fingers and smaller than a matchhead. From a geological viewpoint, sand is anything small enough to be carried by the wind but big enough that it doesnt stay in the air, roughly 0.06 to 1.5 millimeters. It indicates a vigorous environment. Sand Composition and Shape Most sand is made of quartz or its microcrystalline cousin chalcedony, because that common mineral is resistant to weathering. The farther from its source rock a sand is, the closer it is to pure quartz. But many dirty sands contain feldspar grains, tiny bits of rock (lithics), or dark minerals like ilmenite and magnetite. In a few places, black basalt lava breaks down into black sand, which is almost pure lithics. In even fewer places, green olivine is concentrated to form green sand beaches. The famous White Sands of New Mexico are made of gypsum, eroded from large deposits in the area. And the white sands of many tropical islands are a calcite sand formed from coral fragments or from tiny skeletons of planktonic sea life. The look of a sand grain under the magnifier can tell you something about it. Sharp, clear sand grains are freshly broken and have not been carried far from their rock source. Rounded, frosted grains have been scrubbed long and gently, or perhaps recycled from older sandstones. All of these attributes are the delight of sand collectors around the world. Easy to collect and display (a little glass vial is all you need) and easy to trade with others, sand makes a great hobby. Sand Landforms Another thing that matters to geologists is what the sand makes- dunes, sandbars, beaches. Dunes are found on Mars and Venus as well as Earth. Wind builds them and sweeps them across the landscape, moving a meter or two per year. They are eolian landforms, formed by air movement. Have a look at a desert dune field. Beaches and riverbeds are not always sandy, but those that are have a variety of different landforms built of sand: bars and spits and ripples. My favorite of these is the tombolo. Sand Sounds Sand also makes music. I dont mean the squeaking that beach sand sometimes does when you walk on it, but the humming, booming or roaring sounds that large desert dunes produce when sand tumbles down their sides. Sounding sand, as the geologist calls it, accounts for some eerie legends of the deep desert. The loudest singing dunes are in western China at Mingshashan, although there are American sites like the Kelso Dunes in the Mojave Desert, where I have made a dune sing. You can hear sound files of singing sand at Caltechs Booming Sand Dunes research group site. Scientists from this group claim to have solved the mystery in an August 2007 paper in Geophysical Review Letters. But surely they have not explained away its wonder. The Beauty and Sport of Sand Thats enough about the geology of sand, because the more I poke around the Web the more I feel like getting out to the desert, or the river, or the beach. Geo-photographers love dunes. But there are other ways to love dunes besides looking at them. Sandboarders are a hardy bunch of people who treat dunes like big waves. I cant imagine this sport growing into a big-money thing like skiing- for one thing, the lift lines would have to be moved every year- but it does have its own journal, Sandboard Magazine. And when youve perused a few articles, you may come to give sandboarders more respect than the sand miners, offroaders and 4WD drivers who threaten their beloved dunes. And how could I ignore the simple, universal joy of just playing with sand? Kids do it by nature, and a few continue to be sand sculptors after they grow up, like the Earth artist Jim Denevan. Another group of pros on the world circuit of sand-castle contests build the palaces shown at Sand World. The village of Nima, Japan, may be the place that takes sand the most seriously. It hosts a Sand Museum. Among other things there is, not an hourglass, but a yearglass . . . The townspeople gather on New Years Eve and turn it over. PS: The next grade of sediment, in terms of fineness, is silt. Deposits of silt have their own special name: loess. See the Sediment and Soil list for more links about the subject.

A List of Excellent Nursing Capstone Project Ideas †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

A List of Excellent Nursing Capstone Project Ideas Before they start nursing practice, all nurses students have to go through the process of education, complete much testing, and prove their fit to health care requirements. Their practices and approaches withstand serious evaluation, mostly by means of developing a number of health projects and evidence-based assessments. If you are one of them, prepare to review of work. To complete your medical education and become a specialist dealing with patients, you have to gain knowledge about patient risks and diseases (for children and adults), disease management, best time of providing some kinds of help, and great sources for searching important patient-related information online. The type of project we are telling about today is a Capstone project. Many students often complain of having no valuable capstone ideas for nursing, which is not that hard. Let’s dig deeper into which topic to choose, where to find good free sources, how to arouse the tutor’s interest, and how to make the presentation interesting and evidence-based. Find the best nursing capstone project ideas here. Capstone Ideas for Nursing. Developing some valuable capstone ideas for nursing is not complicated; the main secret of nursing project success is to start with the list of your competencies and clinical interests letting you approach the subject by having a complete understanding thereof. Clarify what the area of your interest is. Then search for evidence on the subject – look through recent publications, approach them with a critical insight regarding what is urgent in the field. This preliminary search will give you ideas on further topic’s refining, making the research process for your nursing project move on smoothly. Some common nursing capstone project ideas you may consider include (but are not limited to): Patient falls. Many researchers work in this area, but the problem remains acute. This refers to the elderly people or those with specific mental and physical conditions, e.g., dementia. Working on such a topic may give you a hint to betterment of practices in this professional nursing area. Anesthesia. Given the recent renewed interest in the role of anesthesia in patient outcomes and search of new ways to make it safer, you may explore a wide range of nurse anesthesia capstone project ideas. Such a project will have a guaranteed success. Wound care. Wounds are one of the leading causes of hospital admission, and their adequate management affects patient outcomes tremendously. Explore recent research and practice gaps in the field and you will get an excellent nursing Capstone project idea. Prevention of infections in a clinical setting. Infections are the ill of all healthcare establishments, and the rate of hospital-acquired infections remains uncontrollably high now. Look through materials on this issue – maybe you will find your own interesting, original research niche. Psychological assessment of patients suspected of depression. Depression is overlooked in hospital settings, especially if patients get there with some other health problems. A person’s state of psychological health has a heavy influence on the physical treatment outcomes, so diagnosing an early onset of depression may be a sound contribution to quick recovery. Home transfer research. Clients staying in the hospital receive 24/7 assistance and attention of healthcare staff. Nevertheless, many conditions are chronic and long-term, so people need to acquire vital self-care skills during their hospital stay. Propose some new educational interventions in this area. They are always topical and relevant for any country and any healthcare setting, since effective self-management of symptoms at home directly contributes to reduction of hospital readmissions. Â   Promotion of breastfeeding practices and education. Given the focus on breastfeeding in the contemporary medicine, this topic is always urgent. Develop some educational interventions or programs and your Capstone will be a hit. Though making a full-scale Capstone project is more complicated than dealing with a research paper topic selection process, you can still simplify it by choosing a topic that is truly interesting for you. Finally, you can always simplify the process of work on a Capstone project by using specialized programs and means for organizing time, space, and resources. Find many useful tips for this here. Read the next section to find some workable and interesting examples of nursing capstone projects and complete a quality paper for a decent grade. ORDER CAPSTONE PROJECT Some Examples of Nursing Capstone Projects. Many students fail to complete their project simply because they have no clue about what to include into the paper. In such cases, we offer some examples of nursing capstone projects from credible, published authors for your reference. Study them carefully and follow their structure. In such a way, you will be always confident that you are writing a worthy paper in compliance with guidelines in this professional area. Examples to consider include: A capstone teaching project for undergraduate nursing students: development of a visual teaching-learning tool (composed by Epstein in 2007 and published in the Journal of Nursing Education) Implementing Nerve Blocks for Patients Undergoing a Bilateral Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction: A Practice Change (Capstone of Corey Beene Auerswald at the University of Southern Mississippi). You can find documents listing previous Capstone project abstracts or titles composed by students of your educational establishment, such as the one of the Northeastern University. Have no capstone ideas for nursing? Entrust the task to our professional healthcare writers. They are always eager to help clients in need, possess a thorough understanding of clinical evidence, and compose well-researched medical research papers and projects on a variety of topics. Choosing our top services guarantees that your writing withstands even the strictest assessment.

The Emergence of Globalization and the Marketing Mix Essay

The Emergence of Globalization and the Marketing Mix - Essay Example The marketing mix that is appropriate for all this multicultural world market for multinationals must converge to achieve the same goal of expanding the market while at the same time saving the firms cost of operation. Different regions or countries have a specific social framework and any marketing strategy and the communication strategy need to conform to this diversity factor lest it realizes insignificant publicity and product promotion. The cultural factors are closely attached to the economic policies of the specified regions, their religious beliefs, political ideologies and the level of economic development. An effective marketing communication plan needs to be designed to promote the image of the firm at the local level with a global view. It is therefore imperative that market research is thoroughly carried out to develop a communication plan that is in line with the demands of cultural diversity and political environment (Smith, Pulford, & Berry, 2009, pp.75). In reporting this subject a case study of two firms is important to bring out the real concept of integrated market communication strategy. Some examples of multinational companies include Coca-Cola, Toyota, Nokia Inc and others. These firms have central headquarters in a given country but their operations are decentralized in different regions like the Middle East, West Africa, North America, and Europe, East and Central Africa and many other regions. In this report, Middle East market is to be compared with Europe such that appropriate marketing plans can be observed by the multinationals to capture a substantial market share through the market (Bjerregaard, Lauring, Klitmoller, 2009, pp.55). One product that would serve best to be used for comparison is the Coca-Cola soft drinks which are consumed at international level. Comparing the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia would provide the best results in terms of the best-integrated marketing communication plans viable across two market environme nts. The choice of these two states is based on their cultural, taste, behavior and the general spending pattern differences across the consumer body. This would facilitate designing of a customer-focused marketing communication strategies for Coca-Cola Company and other multinational counterparts operating in the same product line like Pepsi (Egan, 2007, pp.134). To establish this comparison, the local cultural model of the two states need to be discussed and the prevailing marketing communication environments in each provided by the aid of graphs and charts. Some of the key marketing focal points that will provide comparison grounds comprise of the culture of the citizens of the two countries, their political system, consumer behavior, level of media activity and effectiveness and the overall competition within each country’s local market.

Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Services Research Paper

Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Services - Research Paper Example The domestic intelligence agency in United Kingdom is known as Security Service and commonly referred as MI-5.  (Ehrman, 2009). The role and responsibilities of MI-5 include response to security threats such as terrorism, counterintelligence, weapons of mass destruction and organized crimes within the confines of the United Kingdom territory (Vitkauskas, 1999). It is the agency that is charged with the protection and safeguarding of British economic interests and parliamentary democracy in the United Kingdom.   As a domestic intelligence agency, MI-5 is responsible for the protection of public utilities such as air, gas rail and key industries such as defense contactors, civil nuclear power, oil and other crucial industries in United Kingdom (Posner, 2005).   MI-5 boasts of a long term and established tradition of executing domestic intelligence operations in United Kingdom and the wider scope of responsibilities that have included electronic surveillance, recruitment and infil tration of terrorist groups (Burch, 2007). In relation to information sharing, MI-5 is the central domestic intelligence agency in United Kingdom that is charged with the collection and analysis of information and further relay them to United Kingdoms Joint Intelligence committee. The role Joint Intelligence Committee is to prioritize intelligence information from MI-5 and regularly update and provide intelligence assessments to ministers and other senior officials (Ehrman, 2009).  ... Comprehensive comparison and analysis of intelligence services mandates, functions and operations is thus hampered by the restriction that exist on information access and even though the internet and other sources of data from scholars can be exploited, they are often classified (Burch, 2007; O’connell, 2004). Current prospect suggest that comparison of intelligence services can be done in a transparent environment, it should be acknowledged that it is the secrecy that enable intelligent services to operate. Domestic and foreign intelligence services between countries can be compared based on various benchmarks and parameters. Example of benchmarks or frameworks that intelligence services might be compared include national security context, national security structure, organizational size and budget, organizational cohesion, management and oversight and information collection emphasis. In addition, intelligence service comparison can also be based on the analytic emphasis of t he respective agencies, intelligence-decision making relationships, operational emphasis, cooperation of intelligence agencies with other diplomatic and security organization and policies, practices and procedures for counter-intelligence (O’connell, 2004). Domestic Intelligence Both domestic intelligence services of United States and United Kingdom have common jurisdiction in relation to national security. The main function of the intelligence services include the provision of unique, special and secretive information that can aid and support security of both nations. In United States, domestic security intelligence is collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a law enforcement agency that also acts as a subordinate to

CRITICAL REVIEW OF TOURISM STUDIES ARTICLE Essay

CRITICAL REVIEW OF TOURISM STUDIES ARTICLE - Essay Example Utilising man's instinct to travel to make commercial sense has resulted in various governmental and tourism related entities vying for a share of the wallet. Since the penchant for real, genuine, authentic destinations are on the rise, many are being touted as such and aptly exhibited to trigger interests in the tourist. This is called "staging" and this has led to the loss of authenticity. This article deals with how there is a loss of authenticity of the destinations due to the necessity to conform to expectations as perceived by the tourists. "Staged authenticity" involves manipulation of local cultural phenomenon to cater to the expectations of tourists arriving there. This may be in the form of hosting shows to adding cultural expressions and cultural aspects of the local culture that closely align to creating an experience for the tourists. These shows may not necessarily be replicas of the original culture. Tourism can turn local cultures into commodities when religious rituals, traditional ethnic rites and festivals are reduced and sanitized to conform to tourist expectations, resulting in what has been called "reconstructed ethnicity." As long as tourists just want a glimpse of the local atmosphere, a quick glance at local life, without any knowledge or even interest, staging will be inevitable. It leans more towards creating that unique experience than preser ving local culture or involving the locals as a part of that culture and bringing the tourist into the unique world for a glimpse. However, this article also says that while these hyperactive contrived experiences may satisfy a postmodernism oriented tourist, it may fall short when a genuine authentic experience-seeking tourist is in contact with it. The article also argues that though it is important for the experience to be real, often even in the genuine historic sites, it is not possible to recreate accurately every aspect of the past. This is because the past is an immense entity of which we are fortunate to have a glimpse of certain pieces of the puzzle. We will never be able to comprehend in totality of what life was at that point in time. In addition, to make it more viewable to the public, it is often necessary to sanitize the site and provide basic amenities and odour removal so that the tourist is not turned off exploring it. Therefore a minimal amount of doctoring when the lines between the real and the "doctored" are almost invisible, the experience for the tourists is more authentic and satisfying. Once a destination is sold as a tourism product, and the branding of the destination starts duplicating an experience to the tourists that may or may not be exactly what the tourists want. Perception of an experience by the tourists is very individualistic and subjective. This is because each individual perceives an experience differently. While a few staged local shows and a photograph moment with the locals may be sufficient for a certain group of individuals as a long-term memory there are another set of tourists who are disappointed by the lack of true cultural aspects. In conclusion, the article stresses the following points. The definition of "authenticity" is by itself very subjective because how the scholar, researcher and the heritage manager visualize it may be different from how the tourist perceives it. While there are some of

A case study on Inuit environment and resources, and their Research Paper

A case study on Inuit environment and resources, and their relationship to Inuit culture and belief system - Research Paper Example They have their own distinct literature, music and arts, most of which are created to praise and worship the spirits that guide them in their everyday lives. The term Inuit refers to the group of aboriginal people that live and occupy the Arctic region from Greenland to the east of Siberia (Park). They arrived in the Arctic from Asia through land bridges, as a matter of fact, it is settled that they are â€Å"the last people to cross from Asia† (King, 9). Needless to state, the Arctic is perhaps the most unlivable place on earth – forever cold and frozen – yet the Inuit have made it home. They lived off of the abundance of the sea and whatever is found on land. They made tools from animal bones and rocks which are then used to make clothing from animal skin and fur. For their fuel which they use for cooking and lighting, they have learned to extract the oils from sea mammals like whales. (King, 9) The land and the sea provide for all their needs, and they return the favor by making offerings to the spirits of nature. With the help and guidance of the spirits, the Inuit was able to develop things that made living in the harsh environment easier. They live in an igloo, travel on water with the kayak and on land with dogsleds, use ulu which is a knife used by women for household chores, and discover the utility of the quilliq which is a small stove made of stone. During the never-ending winter season, the quilliq not only cooks their food but also provide heat and light to the entire household. (The Inuit Way, 8) The Inuit boasts of a very rich and colorful culture which is in stark contrast to the monotony of their natural environment. Despite contact with foreigners, the Inuit have been successful in preserving their cultural heritage and identity, with the preservation of Inuktitut, the Inuit language. To ensure that the younger generations never forget their identity, small children are taught to play the traditional games and

Constantly Risking Absurdity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constantly Risking Absurdity - Essay Example The poem has a complex structure, though exciting as the reader follows the author through the swinging motions that the poet has chosen to present the poem similar to the swinging of an acrobat walking on a thin rope. Therefore, the poet utilizes imagery and diction in comparing the process of writing a poem to the performance of an acrobat in front of a large crowd, and risks death if he falls from the wire. The author reveals to the audience that he compares writing a poem to an acrobat in line 6; â€Å"the poet like and acrobat.† This line forms the main theme of the poem and is platform on which the poem is hinged. The author does not only compare the poet to an acrobat, but also explains that the two share the same predicament, hence the use of â€Å"like and† in line 6. From this line, the author introduces the public to the death or survival of the poem, which the author compares to the life or death of an acrobat. In other words, just as the acrobat risks death by hanging dangerously on a thin wire, so does the poet risk death by facing the scrutiny of people. If the poem does not impress the public, the audience will certainly trash it and that will be the end of the poem. The author in this case warns that the work of poets faces death if they fail to impress and exceed the expectations of the audience, just as the acrobat makes the audience watch in suspense as h e do his gymnastics. Similar to the acrobat’s wire, the poet has to have â€Å"a high wire of his own† (line 8). Just as an acrobat has to use theatrics and creativity to impress the crowd and showcase his mystery while walking on the thin wire, a poet has to use similar theatrics to impress the audience. In fact, the author inline 14 states that â€Å"slight-of-foot and other high theatrics,† all which the poet has to use to impress the audience. The poet in this poem uses such theatrics by presenting the poem in swinging style, which

Investing In Retirement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investing In Retirement - Essay Example Compounding interests provide valuable returns at the end. For instance, if we start putting aside $1000 per month starting at the age of 30 it will end up being $453600 for each of us at the age of 65. This is based on the assumption that the rate of return is at 8 percent per annum. If we wait for ten years, we would only save $129000 each. Considering that a small difference in contribution amounts $129600, which is $1000 each month for ten years. However, the actual difference in total saving is enormous and amounts to $259200. Investing wisely is encouraged for it helps in ensuring that the maximum returns are yielded on the amount spent. Thus, lessons learned from retirement savings entails starting early and setting aside at least 10 to 15 percent of the annual salary on retirement. For a worthwhile investments return, it is good to start investing earliest possible. Additionally, it is worth setting aside an average of 10-15 percent of the gross earnings on a monthly basis. From this, I have learned that to save for the future is good because the future is uncertain. The money we save now may be used to cater for our need in future when we have retired and have no other source of income.

Constantly Risking Absurdity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constantly Risking Absurdity - Essay Example The poem has a complex structure, though exciting as the reader follows the author through the swinging motions that the poet has chosen to present the poem similar to the swinging of an acrobat walking on a thin rope. Therefore, the poet utilizes imagery and diction in comparing the process of writing a poem to the performance of an acrobat in front of a large crowd, and risks death if he falls from the wire. The author reveals to the audience that he compares writing a poem to an acrobat in line 6; â€Å"the poet like and acrobat.† This line forms the main theme of the poem and is platform on which the poem is hinged. The author does not only compare the poet to an acrobat, but also explains that the two share the same predicament, hence the use of â€Å"like and† in line 6. From this line, the author introduces the public to the death or survival of the poem, which the author compares to the life or death of an acrobat. In other words, just as the acrobat risks death by hanging dangerously on a thin wire, so does the poet risk death by facing the scrutiny of people. If the poem does not impress the public, the audience will certainly trash it and that will be the end of the poem. The author in this case warns that the work of poets faces death if they fail to impress and exceed the expectations of the audience, just as the acrobat makes the audience watch in suspense as h e do his gymnastics. Similar to the acrobat’s wire, the poet has to have â€Å"a high wire of his own† (line 8). Just as an acrobat has to use theatrics and creativity to impress the crowd and showcase his mystery while walking on the thin wire, a poet has to use similar theatrics to impress the audience. In fact, the author inline 14 states that â€Å"slight-of-foot and other high theatrics,† all which the poet has to use to impress the audience. The poet in this poem uses such theatrics by presenting the poem in swinging style, which

Transforming the balanced scorecard Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transforming the balanced scorecard - Coursework Example tion view intangible assets as a source of competitive advantage as opposed to the view of the 19th century and early 20th-century firms (Kaplan and Norton 88). The Balanced Scorecard was introduced to provide a new framework for describing value-creating strategies that link tangible and intangible assets. It describes how to mobilize and combine intangible and tangible assets to develop differentiating customer-value offering and superior financial results. The program has helped over 200 executive teams. It allows the strategy to emerge from meetings and consultations with the senior executives. Then a general framework for describing and implementing the strategy known as the strategy map is developed. It creates a common and comprehensible point of reference for the company (Kaplan and Norton 92). Apart from its industrial application, Balanced Scorecard has also been adopted by non-profit and government organizations (NPGOs), however, it faces the challenge of a strategy that has not been clearly defined. It is important for the class to note that the Balance Scorecard is not just about performance measurement. It has evolved to become the organizing framework, for a new strategic management system. Its adoption has been observed to deliver good result. The Balanced Scorecard provides a recipe to combine with what exists in the organization for long-term value creation. The following points will be in class; strategic maps, other forms of performance measurement, Balanced Scorecard and NPGOs and beyond performance management (Kaplan and Norton

Quality Associates Essay Example for Free

Quality Associates Essay In this case, we have Quality Associates, Inc. a consulting firm advising its client about sampling and statistical procedures that can be used to control their manufacturing process. Their client has offered samples to be analyzed, so they can quickly learn whether the process is operating satisfactorily or corrective actions needs to be taken. The numbers given in the case were as follows: assumed population standard deviation is equal to . 21, sample size is equal to 30 and the test value of the mean was 12. They also stated the two hypotheses to be tested: the null hypothesis that the population is equal to 12 and the alternative hypothesis that the mean is not equal to 12. This indicates a two tailed tests to determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. The 4 provided sample sizes each contained 30 observations, indicating a normal distribution and z test statistics. Methodology The first question required conducting a hypothesis test for each sample at the . 01 level of significance. Based upon the test, determine if any corrective actions need to be taken. There are two approaches to hypothesis testing, the p-value approach and the critical value approach. The first step for the p-value approach was to calculate the mean for each sample. In order, they were: 11. 9587| 12. 0287| 11. 8890| 12. 0813| Next, was to calculate standard error, by using the formula sigma divided by the square root of n. This came out to be . 0383. To find the z test statistic subtract the test value of 12 from the sample mean and divide by the standard error. The z test statistic for each sample were as follows: -1. 0966| 0. 7493| -2. 8982| 2. 1227| The 1 tail p-value could then be found by using the normsdist function in Excel. This function indicates probability to the left of the value, so positive numbers were subtracted from 1. Since this is a two tailed test, the values were multiplied by two to find the actual p-value. 0. 2728| 0. 4536| 0. 0038| 0. 0338| The rule for the p-value two tail test is to reject Ho if the p-value is smaller than or equal to alpha, the alpha in this case being . 01. At . 038, the p-value for sample 3 was less than the significance level set by the client. Sample 3 provides evidence to reject Ho and accept Ha. However, samples 1, 2 and 4 all have p-values larger than alpha, indicating that the process is working satisfactorily with a mean equal to 12. According to samples 1,2 and 4, corrective measures do not need to be taken. A second approach to hypothesis testing is the critical value approach, which states to reject Ho if the z value is larger than z alpha/2 or smaller than –z alpha/2. Alpha was given at . 1, alpha/2 is equal . 005. Table 8. 1, Values of Z alpha/2 for the most commonly used Z values, in the book states that for alpha/2 equal to . 005, the z value is equal to 2. 576. This is the z critical value for a two tailed test, outside of which lies the rejection area. Again, out of the 4 samples, only one had a critical value in the rejection area. The z value of sample 3, -2. 8982, was smaller than the z critical value of -2. 576. This leads to a rejection of Ho. Samples 1,2, and 4 all fall between the 2 critical values and provide evidence to not reject Ho. Assumption Based on the results of the hypothesis tests, both p-value approach and critical value approach, corrective action should be taken for sample 3. Samples 1,2 and 4 provide evidence that we cannot reject Ho, and therefore the client can assume that the process is operating satisfactorily. The second question asked to compute the standard deviation for each individual sample. Using the stdev function in Excel, the standard deviation for each sample are as follows: 0. 2204| 0. 2204| 0. 2072| 0. 2061| Assumption Based on the standard deviations calculated for each sample, the assumption of . 21 for the population standard deviation appears reasonable. An average of the 4 individual sample standard deviations is equal to . 2135, which can be rounded down to . 21. The third question asked to compute limits for the sample mean equal to 12. Condition was that as long as a new sample mean is within those limits, the process will be considered to be operating satisfactorily. If X exceeds the upper limit or if the X is below the lower limit, corrective actions will be taken. The formula for calculating upper and lower control limits is Using x bar equal to 12, z alpha/2 equal to 2. 576 and the standard error equal to . 0383, the upper limit was equal to 12. 0987 and the lower limit was equal to 11. 9013. Assumption Based on the upper (12. 0987) and lower (11. 9013) control limits calculated for a mean equal to 12, sample 3 falls outside the control limit with a mean of 11. 8890. Because the mean exceeds the lower limit, it indicates that corrective action needs to be taken. Assumptions Increasing the level of significance to a larger value will lead to rejecting the null hypothesis more often. If the level of significance is increased to . 05, both samples 3 and 4 will provide evidence to reject the null hypothesis instead of just sample 3. This means that the client is more willing to make a Type I error, mistakenly rejecting Ho when it is true. This means that they run the risk of having to stop their manufacturing process to take corrective action more often.

The Dream of Oenghus :: essays research papers

The Dream of Oenghus The Celtic myth, "The Dream of Oenghus," relates the tale of Oenghus the Celtic god of love and his long search for true love. Oenghus is the son of Boann and Daghdhae. Boann the white cow goddess, and Daghdhae the father of all gods, the "good god." In a dream Oenghus sees "the loveliest figure in Ireland†¦" His memory of this vision makes him ill with loneliness and he begins to waste away. With the help of his mother, and another of his fathers' sons, Bodhbh, he begins his search for the girl he dreamt of. When, after years, he successfully completes his search the lovers' travels to Bruigh Mac, his home. Chronologically and geographically distant, Apuleius second century record of the original Greek myth of Cupid and Psyche also relates a story of amorous pursuit. In Apuleius account Psyche is the most beautiful of all mortals. "The fame of her surpassing beauty spread over the earth†¦Ã…’and men? would even say that Venus herself could not equal this mortal." Out of jealousy, Venus commands Cupid to make Psyche fall in love with "the vilest and most despicable creature in the whole world." However, dispatched on his errand Cupid is astonished by her beauty and "as if he had shot one of his arrows into his own heart" falls completely in love with her. Cupid dumbfounded by the love he suddenly feels carries Psyche off. Although Psyche is never able to gaze on Cupid she is confident of the love her unseen paramour expresses in the dark each night. Eventually, prompted by her unbelieving and somewhat envious sisters she lights a lamp and discovers that her lover is Cupid. Unfortunately, Cupid hurt by both the oil sputtering from the lamp and her faithlessness fees. Psyche deeply grieved by her lack of faith and subsequent loss of love pledges to search for Cupid forever. "I can spend the rest of my life searching for him. If he has no more love left for me, at least I can show him how much I love him." Eventually after many trials and tribulations, largely at the inspiration of the still jealous Venus, she is reunited with Cupid and comes to live the live of the immortals. These myths share a common fundamental theme. In both instances, the myths document a love between a mortal and a god. Moreover, both of the courtship's involve long periods of separation, difficult and desperate journeys in pursuit of the beloved, and deep ongoing uncertainty as to the ultimate outcome of the fat of the lovers. Clearly, it is not unreasonable to contend

Why Feng Shui? Essay -- Philosophy

The word Feng Shui (fung shway) literally means wind and water in Chinese. These major energy sources underlie the belief that environmental factors influence people greatly and this is the basis of Feng Shui. The bagua chart indicates how elements, directions and aspects of life can be of influence. There is a wealth of information on the subject from practitioners and journalists that prove the benefits of Feng Shui. Disbelievers that began to practice it brought great prosperity and luck into their lives leading them to become advocates of the practice. Therefore, it stands to reason that though there is a counter argument against the argument that Feng Shui is hugely beneficial; it is disproven by successful business people, converts and journalists. Business tycoons, financial institutions, architects, offices and homeowners use Feng Shui principles. Many highly successful and intelligent people spend time and money incorporating this ancient art, and yet there are the skeptics that attempt to prove it to be a waste of time. Feng Shui is now a global phenomenon it brings wealth and well-being, yet it is surrounded with skepticism; even the skeptics eventually change when they are deluged with its benefits. Feng Shui is an ancient art which originated in Asia thousands of years ago. It is based on the bagua chart which gives readings and decides on the best actions to take when designing buildings or arranging furniture in the interior of a building. The chart is based on the I Ching, an ancient Chinese text that includes ancient cosmic principles and divination methods. There are eight directions on the chart, which give instructions on what the practitioner should do to manifest good energy, and attract the desired outcomes... ...nne. "Feng shui puts your furniture and your life in order." The Wall Street Journal (1996): 12. Proquest. 9 Apr. 2012 . Lagatree, Kirsten. "Ancient chinese wisdom for the modern workplace." Training and Development 51.1 (1997): 26-29. Proquest. 9 Apr. 2012 . Weltman, Barbara and Michael, Hayes. "Feng Shui for Beginners." Journal of Accountancy 200.6 (2005): 36-39. Proquest. 9 Apr. 2012 . Asis-Leif Designs. 2001/2012. 6 May 2012 Bankrate.com. 2012. 6 May 2012

Lionel Andres Messi

Lionel Andres Messi, known as Messi, is an Argentine footballer who currently plays for FC Barcelona as a forward or a winger. Considered to be the finest player on Earth, Messi has received dozens of trophies and awards. Messi is the perfect attacking player, he was completely two-footed, a prolific finisher, exceptional at dribbling and passing, and was a remarkably good tackler for a forward. The Argentine superstar was born on the 24th June 1987 in Rosario, Argentina to Jorge Horacio Messi (born 1958), who was a factory worker and Celina Maria Cuccittini, who also works but as a part-time cleaner.Lionel Messi has three siblings, two of which older brothers named Rodrigo and Matias. The final, a sister named Maria Sol. At the age of five, Messi played for a team called Grandoli, coached by his father. At the age of 11, he was diagnosed with a growth deficiency. An Argentine club were interested in Messi’s ability, but didn’t have enough money to pay for his treatment . The director of FC Barcelona signed Messi after watching him play and was willing to pay for the treatment. Lionel Messi was offered a debut for FC Barcelona against Porto. And what a game!He was seventeen at that time and was the youngest ever player to score a goal in the La Liga. Within the next year, Messi found himself a first squad player and scored 16 goals in 26 matches. During the next five years, Messi became an international superstar scoring tens of goals. He made his debut for Argentina, when he was only 18 years old. Lionel Messi also won dozens of awards including: Champions League, Super Cup, Club World Cup, Player of the Year (several times), La Liga Player of the Year, Top Scorer (many times), Goal of the Year and many more awards.Messi also played in a few World Cups for Argentina. The final one in 2010, started well with a 4-0, 4-1, 1-0 and 2-0 to finish off the group stages. The last 16 round wasn’t a good match as it ended with a 4-0 defeat to Germany. In the season 2009-10, Messi was in great form, scoring 47 goals. He was the highest scoring player. 2010-11 came and his goal-scoring record continued. Scoring many goals, among other reasons, makes Lionel Messi the finest player of all time!!

Mr and Mrs Ramsay †Characterization Essay

The modernist way of thinking in literature brought about new ways of understanding and writing about people. Unlike the 19th century, where neo-classical influences still prevailed at times, writers of the 20th century focus on an individual’s personal experience, feelings, what he is going through and how this affects him. The new way of looking at people (prompted by the advancements in psychoanalysis among others) makes the modern man a complete man – all the things, however small, that define him are taken into consideration – and an important stress in laid on subjectivity as unique and only way of perceiving the world and appropriating it to himself. In her 1924 essay Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown, Virginia Woolf wrote that On or about December 1910, human character changed. I am not saying that one went out, as one might into a garden, and there saw that a rose had flowered, or that a hen had laid an egg. The change was not sudden and definite like that. But a change there was, nevertheless; and, since one must be arbitrary, let us date it about the year 1910. However, perhaps it was only the humans’ change, but also, the way that was written about humans and their life, be it ordinary, outside, and more importantly, their inner life. Such is the case with Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay, the two main characters of Virginia Woolf’s novel To the Lighthouse. The two are a couple in their fifties, married, and have eight children. They form a beautiful, and to some extent typical family. However, there is a lot that contributes to their division. Mrs. Ramsay is a beautiful woman, aged fifty, who has made an art out of being a woman, more specifically a mother. She is arguably the true protagonist of the book, as her being permeates the existence of the ones around her. She is the one who sets everything into motion – be it dinner parties, marriages, helping the ones around her, she is the one who never disappoints, and never seems to fail. She defines her existence through her being a mother and a wife: Oh, but she never wanted James to grow a day older! r Cam either. These two she would have liked to keep for ever just as they were, demons of wickedness, angels of delight, never to see them grow up into long-legged monsters. Nothing made up for the loss. She loves her children, and would do anything to protect them and their childhood. This is the reason why she tells James, her youngest, that they will be able to go to the Lighthouse the following day, and why she resents her husband so much for stating the contrary obvious and crushing little James’ hopes. Although she is no longer a young woman, Mrs. Ramsay is full of vitality and energy. She is the central figure, around which the action revolves and who, at the same time, sets the action in motion. Her intentions are good: knitting socks for the Lighthouse keeper’s tuberculosis-ridden son, tries to be nice to Charles Tansley, Mr. Ramsay’s student with working class origins whom her children mock, to Augustus Carmichael whose old age and opium addiction are sources of others’ looking down on him. Constantly being surrounded by people has led her to become the gracious hostess and caring mother she is, but also to defining (and also seeing herself) in that position for ever. Having been a mother to small children a big part of her life (the Ramsays have eight children), and still being one, she wishes to keep her children at this age forever, supposedly for their well-being, but perhaps this comes due to a need to protect and go on the same routine she has known, as it is hard for her to think about herself outside these terms. One of the instances in which this is evident is the moment when she can follow her regular string of thoughts for as long as she hears some kind of familiar noises in the background. She is not used to being by herself, and not surrounded by people. However, in some truly honest moments, she does not hide behind different masks (seen as roles she takes, mother, wife, host, friend), and acknowledges her own existence as something deeply personal and private: She took a look at life, for she had a clear sense of it there, something real, something private, which she shared neither with her children nor with her husband. What one can also recognize are remnants of Victorian morals and models, in both her and her husband. She is the central, matriarchal figure, who takes care of her family, a dutiful wife while managing the household (one of her recurring thoughts is that the bill for the greenhouse will be fifty pound, and tries to be a matchmaker for Minta and Paul, but also for Lily Briscoe and Mr.  Bankes, while being beautiful and admired, as Victorian women were expected to be. She has always maintained and upheld a steadfast belief in traditional gender roles – men being strong and hiding weaknesses (for their chivalry and valour, for the fact that they negotiated treaties, ruled India, controlled finance), and women being the ones bringing the family together, and this makes her resent Mr. Ramsay for his confession to her that he feels like a failure. She cannot bear the thought of her husband being a lesser man than who she thinks and wants him to be, a man better than her: She did not like, even for a second, to feel finer than her husband; and further, could not bear not being entirely sure, when she spoke to him, of the truth of what she said (†¦) but it was their relation, and his coming to her like that, openly, so that any one could see, that discomposed her; for then people said he depended on her, when they must know that of the two he was infinitely the more important, and what she gave the world, in comparison with what he gave, negligible. It is interesting to see the way she influences and sometimes dominates the lives of those around her; her husband is restless after her death and while they are still a couple feels he is a disappointment to her and himself. Prue, her daughter, admires her greatly: what a chance it was for Minta and Paul and Lily to see her, and feeling what an extraordinary stroke of fortune it was for her, to have her. Mrs. Ramsay admires Lily Briscoe for her independence (she was an independent little creature, and Mrs.  Ramsay liked her for it), her peculiar charm and her flare of something, that reminds her of herself. In turn, the young painter feels compelled by Mrs. Ramsay’s beauty and personality, that attracts and fascinates Lily, and which she finds impossible to transpose in the painting she is working on. It is only through Mrs. Ramsay, even after her death, that Lily finds her clarity and her vision. Mr. Ramsay is Mrs. Ramsay’s husband and one of the protagonists of the novel. He is a man in his fifties, a father and a metaphysics philosophy teacher. He defines himself through his work and, like an artist, is concerned with whether his work will be remembered, worth remembering, and how long it will survive after he is gone. This is one of the things that constantly drive him. Just like his wife, being raised in the spirit of traditional values and gender stereotypes, in relationships with his children he is tough, insensitive and has the mentality that he must always be authoritarian and must always do things the right way. He is a rationalist, and feels he must stick to sound principles even when it comes to letting his six-year old son James hope that the weather will be fine so as to go to the Lighthouse the following day: But it won’t be fine. While Mrs. Ramsay tries to smooth out what had been harsh before, he has no problem with being harsh as long as it means sticking to the cold truth: What he said was true. It was always true. He was incapable of untruth; never tampered with a fact; never altered a disagreeable word to suit the pleasure or convenience of any mortal being, least of all of his own children. †¦). His duty, his fatherly duty is to make sure his children are prepared for their grown-up life from the beginning, although he is unaware of the fact that his presence stifles them: his own children, who, sprung from his loins, should be aware from childhood that life is difficult. Through the eyes of Lily Briscoe, he is not good enough for Mrs. Ramsay, while through the eyes of his son James, who wants to take his place in a typical Oedipus’ complex, he is too harsh and cold, but he is also admired for his intelligence. Had there been an axe handy, a poker, or any weapon that would have gashed a hole in his father’s breast and killed him, there and then, James would have seized it. Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts by his mere presence. These do not mean that he and Mrs. Ramsay do not complement and complete each other. As it is observed in the first chapter of the novel, He found talking much easier than she did, but she felt herself very beautiful. He is the talkative one, the intellectual one, but it is her presence that attracts people. Moreover, both of them are dutiful persons. If Mrs. Ramsay thinks her duty is with her family and trying to keep everyone happy and being a gracious host, Mr. Ramsay sees his duty in his work, his duty is to leave something valuable behind. The Ramsays are polar opposites, and can embody the Jungian archetypes of animus and anima. Among others, he has a constant need for approval and for people to tell him that his work is important and valuable. These (new to the time) ideas are what torment him so much as to make him confess to his wife that he feels like a failure, in hope of reassurance and sought-for comforting. However, this situation is new to what both of them have known about the way each other is supposed to be or feel, or the way they should handle it. This explains the distance that is created between them upon hearing each other’s take on the situation. Their inability to show true empathy can be a result of their Victorian ideas about their spouse and marriage and their own role there being put to the test. Victorian society would not have permitted for men to show weakness, not to mention confessing it to their own wives, their obvious inferior, and for women to think that they can even for a moment be better than their husbands. At the turn of a century and an age, they as individuals are confronted with new ideas, new sides of themselves they do not know how to reconcile with the other, traditional ideas everyone including themselves had taken as unmovable. This difficulty is seen in the stream of thoughts of both of them, but also has, as visible result, a cut/breach in communication between them, which leads to a possible estrangement/alienation from the other. What they fail to see is that the 20th century society and way of life gave way to a better way of communicating, they way one felt was important, and no one was supposed to play a previously defined part, and that this is the way things should be. This is seen in how they react to Mr. Ramsay’s moment of complete honesty – Mrs. Ramsay cannot bear the thought of him telling her this and of actually having to be the better one, while Mr. Ramsay cannot get the comfort and reassurance he needs. Indeed, as Virginia Woolf wrote in her essay, human character did change at the beginning of the 20th century. People, both women and men, became more aware of themselves, and most importantly, became aware of their inner life and the attention it deserved. But this could not have been possible without the insight modernist writers offered through their books. What they tried to do, using the stream of consciousness technique, is depict the way human minds work, the messy, not completely coherent ways that this happens, the way in which we perceive a moment and how intense we live it and how much happens within us during that moment as opposed to the measured moment (the irst pages of the first chapter, when the same moment is presented through the eyes and inner thoughts of three characters). What they achieved, however, was to show that human beings are different (as Lily Briscoe says, fifty eyes are not enough to get round one person), and that everyone tries to find meaning in fleeting moments, albeit differently, and that society was wrong in fitting them into stereotypes. And this too helped change the remnants of the Victorian society and turn people of the age into modern souls.

Nutrition and Junk Food Essay

Tired, crabby, or unfocused in class? It could be the food you are eating. The lack of Introduction hooks the reader with a question. Thesis presented as last sentence of introductory paragraph. healthy and tasty school lunch selections has recently become a problem in almost every elementary, middle and high school across the nation. Most schools sell junk food to students and I think this is wrong. There are many good reasons to remove junk food from school lunch menus, and creating a healthier student body is number one. Junk foods should be taken out of school lunch menus because they affect your body and mind in negative ways. Junk food is a major cause of childhood obesity. 32% of youth are overweight and nearly 74% are unfit. The bad food offered in public schools contributes to this unacceptable Writer takes a clear position Authoritative position supported by citing research and using statistics. Details and facts support position. problem. A single 12-ounce can of soda has as Many of these sodas much as 13 teaspoons of sugar in the form of high-fructose corn syrup. are available to kids in school at low prices as well as many other completely unhealthy foods like chips and cookies. School lunches have a very high fat content and the USDA supplies schools with the same commodity foods as prisons. Due to the lack of fresh and flavorful food, many students will choose to buy the cheap junk food offered instead. If we could stock vending machines and cafeterias Language is precise and lively. Sentence structures are varied. with healthier foods, it would definitely make a dent in the childhood obesity rate. Another reason cafeterias should start serving healthier food is that junk food does Second body paragraph present another fully developed reason for position. ot give kids the energy needed to stay focused in school or the power to participate in sports. Lunch is right in the middle of the day; if you eat fatty or sugary foods, it could cause you to get tired and not pay attention in your afternoon classes. In addition, junk food zaps your energy, which affects your physical activity. You cannot perform your best if you don’t have any energy. practice. Many people on my swim team used to snack on chips and soda before When some of us complained about Appropriate anecdote used to support argument. etting tired and not being able to make it through practice, our coach asked us what we were eating beforehand. When he heard about our diet, he told us that we shouldn’t be consuming fried, fatty foods before we exercise. We should be eating healthy, natural foods because these give us energy and are good for our bodies. Many people may argue that banning junk food in schools is not a good idea. Concession and thorough response to counterargument. Students Sentence styles and structures are varied. say that junk food just tastes better than healthy food and they prefer it. There is no rule that says healthy food can’t taste good! Many junk foods can be replaced by similar tasting, healthier substitutes. Instead of fried chips, provide baked. Instead of soda, offer carbonated fruit juice. If substituting all of the unhealthy foods does not work, what about reducing the amount that we serve? Have a healthy main portion for lunch and a small dessert; sweets are not bad as long as they are consumed in moderation. There are multiple ways to solve the problem of people’s taste buds craving tasty foods. We just have to enforce this change. Providing junk food in school cafeterias is just an all-around bad idea. academic and physical potential. We need to eat The food we Call to action concludes essay. healthy food so we can reach our fullest eat affects our body and mind and we need to take advantage of that! Now that we understand the problem, it’s time to fix it by banning the sale of junk food in schools. Writing demonstrates proficient use of standard and academic English. Commentary This essay is an example of 7th grade advanced persuasive essay writing. The essay presents a clear position and does so in an original and engaging fashion. Support for the position is developed well with facts and anecdotes. Though insufficient research is cited to support some assertions, overall, this 7th grader has presented a compelling and convincing argument and used an authoritative tone and strategic language to convince readers of her position. The writer uses lively and specific language, which also helps to persuade readers. There is significant sentence variety in the essay along with clear control of writing conventions and spelling.